The histological description of a carious defect is based on investigations of mineral loss estimation:

Mineral dissolution from hard dental tissue

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Increase cristalline spaces in enamel

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Cause opitical changes of enamel

 A small caries lesion has been divided into several zones:

1.      TRANSLUCENT ZONE 1% of pores

2.      DARK ZONE 2%-4% of pores

3.      BODY OF THE LESION 5%-25% of pores

4.      SURFACE ZONE higher mineralization relative to the subsurface layer